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The human gut contains a vast number of microorganisms known collectively as the ¡°gut microbiota¡±. Substances delivered from the human world into the microbial world of the gut can have an impact upon the structure and function of the gut microbiota that, in turn, may have effects on its human host. The seminar presents recent research on the interaction between diet and the gut microbiota conducted by the scientists of the Eastern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture.